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Archive for April, 2009

Apr 30 2009

Higgs Boson

Published by Maien under General, News, Physics, Q & A Edit This

Higgs Boson

Its discovered by Sir Peter Higgs in 1960s ,Higgs boson are the hypothetical particles that is believed to surround or fill our universe as dark-matter. The “Higgs boson.” Higgs, He believe, is a particle, or set of particles, that might give others mass. To look for the particle, it must smash other particles together at very high speeds. If the energy from that collision is high enough, it is converted into smaller bits of matter — particles — one of which could be a Higgs boson. The Higgs will only last for a small fraction of a second, and then decay into other particles. So in order to tell whether the Higgs appeared in the collision, one has to look for evidence of what it would have decayed into .The search is still on at CERN, geneva and at Fermilab at Illinos……but no such strong proof and opinion yet came-up to confirm its existence.

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Apr 29 2009

Scientists Discover Plant Nearby Star

Published by Maien under Cosmology, News Edit This

Astronomers have announced the discovery of a fifth planet circling 55 Cancri, a star beyond our solar system.

55 Cancri is located 41 light-years away in the constellation Cancer and has nearly the same mass and age as our sun. It is easily visible with binoculars.

The newly discovered planet weighs about 45 times the mass of Earth and may be similar to Saturn in its composition and appearance. There is always a possibility but I think we can only know for certain in years to come. There are several factors involved in the search for clues in any exoplanet. Detecting some elements.for example,oxygen, carbon dioxide etc. is pretty complicated since they don’t necessarily produce spectral lines for analysis. But there are other things that could be identified like…ozone and possibly methane. There could be more too.

If we take our earth for example….Some bacteria evolved even before earth had significant oxygen in its atmosphere. So this is a typical example of why a planet need not look like our present day earth, to hold life. Take cyanobacteria for example. Even before our planet had sufficient oxygen, cyanobacteria would photosynthesize using compounds from water and CO2 to give out oxygen. The huge numbers of cyanobacteria and photosynthesis is one of the reasons of our planet’s oxygen rich state. So even if we find a planet that resembles our prehistoric earth with no oxygen, its a huge discovery. Since the planet that they discovered is lot bigger than earth, I am sure scientists will try to focus on its possible moons also. Moons could be potential candidates too. Saturn’s moon, titan, for example, is found to have nitrogen in atmosphere. It is found to have methane too.

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Apr 28 2009

What is a Planet?

Just some conventions but we already define what is a continent and what is a island (difined by size), we know what is a moon, etc. but, what is a planet? How do we distinguish between a planet and a simple “rock” in the space? Do we have a 10th planet or not?

What do YOU think?

Here’s a interesting link about the “10th planet“:
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/3511678.stm

Pluto was discovered in 1930, so 74 years ago. About the status of planet, the problem of classification is that some physical reason must be used, and not just arbitraty criteria such as “size” or “orbiting a star”. In other words, a physical-based classification for ‘planets’ would say something about the formation processes, initial physical conditions, etc.. all kind of information which is really important for solar system studies.

Categories is just a thing defined by men to group other things that have something in common so people don’t waste time communicating, but it does NOT mean that it has to have EVERYTHING in common. Pluto might have similar characteristics of the other “planets”, as we define the word itself to be, and others that don’t quite fit our definition. The question is, who cares? The answer is, only the public cares. They NEED a word. But the truth is that each of the planets have many different characteristics that the only right thing to do would be to call them only by their names.

But we also have 10,001 (i don’t know how many, i just mean a big number) different fruits, as we do animals, and other things. And as far as history tells us, our kind has knowledge of the existence of animals and fruits for thousands of years…(following written history here, not gonna get into how old we think our kind is). Then of course, separating them into vegetables, fruits, nuts, etc only makes sense. But again, as this groups are not something that just exist, not a fundamental thing, but just words made up by men, we have to refine the definitions every so often to fit new discoveries, or make a new group all together. Take tomatoes for example. Is it a fruit or vegetable? If is difficult to describe tomatoes in a group of thousands, imagine to group Pluto in a small group. My point to all this is that the classification of Pluto as a planet or not from the “authorities” in the field, is probably due to pressure from the public to put them in a certain group, so they can print out their books a certain way, but professionals in the field just call it plain old Pluto, w/o classifying it. We are refering to a couple of bodies after all.

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Apr 27 2009

Upcoming Comets

Published by Maien under Cosmology, General, News, Q & A Edit This

Comet Encke is now moving toward the Sun, having reached aphelion about a month ago. I got some numbers and estimates from playing with a JPL orbit simulator at:

http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2P&orb=1

It will be about 0.44 AU from Earth on October 20, 2013.
It will be within 0.1 AU of Mercury during November 22-27, 2013.
It will at perihelion, 0.339 AU from the Sun, on November 24, 2013; distance from Earth on that day will be 1.091 AU. And this has me wondering how Mercury might change the orbit of Encke.

Lulin (C/2007 N3)

Apparantly, another comet will be quite visible sooner than Encke. Here are some particulars on Comet Lulin (C/2007 N3):

* Closest approach to Earth: 0.410 AU on February 24, 2009. (At that time, it will be 1.4 AU from the Sun.)
* Closest approach to Sun (perihelion): 1.213 AU on January 11, 2009. (This is between the orbits of Earth and Mars.) Here’s the JPL orbit simulator.

http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2007+N3&orb=1

Hope you’ll come up with more links on this topic : )

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Apr 26 2009

Moon and the Ancient Civilizations

Published by Maien under Cosmology, Myths, Q & A Edit This

Is there any ancient civilization, besides the greeks, that made calculations about the size and distance of the Moon? Mayans, Aztecs, Indians, Chinese, Egyptians, anyone?

In the book Surya Siddhanta which was compiled in 1000 BC using the knowledge which was handed over among generations since 3000 BC, it is shown that the distance between Earth and Moon is 253,000 miles. As far as I know (Wikipedia), the Surya Siddhanta doesn’t have any word about the true size and distance of the Moon. Not sure about the distance of moon being mentioned in Surya Siddhanta. Not sure about the date either. Wiki says the earliest versions are from 3rd century BC.

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