Think Science .

I am probably explaining this for the billionth time.. well here goes with one another question.

 Q: suppose u r standing on new delhi station and u see a train moving toward kashmir and another train moving towards kanpur. so unless u find the trajectory of the train as a circle with new delhi station as is centre u can never say that they were at the same time in new delhi station . in the same way if u cant find the trajectory the end of the universe . and that to calculate it is a sphere how can u say that distant galaxies were at the same place .

The mathematical flaw in you approach is that you are regarding New Delhi to be a fixed reference point which is impossible to obtain. A more practical scenario is where you consider New Delhi itself to be moving towards/away from Kanpur/Kashmir. Thus this problem reduces to one of triangulation and it is possible to extrapolate the motion of all three bodies based on that. NOTHING is expanding INTO pre-existing space. Space is an outcome of the Big bang and it is space itself which is expanding. Space did not exist and if there is a boundary to the universe then there is no space beyond it.Also, we are limited to observing only a finite part of the universe and as such it is impossible to describe the geometry of the Universe. However, based on the mass density and certain sensible assumptions, it seems probable that the universe follows a Kaluza Klein geometry. The simplest example I can think of is probably the Mobious strip which is bounded in three dimensions but has an infinite edge. Quite possibly, as we are limited to observing only a few dimensions, we may see the universe as infinite but it may not be so. You can refer to the Brane theory for details.

Wikipedia is indeed very good resource but these days people are getting turned off with it. Many pseudo scientific people are arguing on the talks and for the content. Theologists are using it to manipulate claims in favor of their religion. Using quotes from the verses to bend it with the scientific texts and pointing it out with references in Wikipedia.

What you can do to save yourself from such chaos.
1) Avoid using Wikipedia for your research texts instead prefer papers and material from university and library.
2) Avoid pseudo scientific theologicians resources as it will do nothing but stagnating your research

3) Avoid philosophical inputs to your scientific research as much as you can, this will be just garbage if you keep up with them.

If you’ve more inputs to filter yourself from such pseudo websites, wikis and blogs then do post about it in comments.

Google earth was an excellent product from google. Because of google earth many applications benefited from the locational data. People managed to look at data centers, server locations, schools, colleges and residential areas.

Google earth even made it possible to calculate the distance between cities or user preferred locations. After google earth, the product “Sky” hits the market. It was an excellent web application for the surfers to look at the solar system, milky way and other interesting objects in the universe.

There are plenty of such applications available like kstars, celestia, stelerium. I’ll reviwe those application later.

Take a look at google sky from this url.  Enjoy surfing the universe. 

If you use computers regularly then you came to know about plenty of file formats. Some of the file formats are common among multiple operating systems. Like mp3, txt, .doc, .avi etc. If you’ve observed those formats then you’ll come to know that some media related formats are commong while applciation specific formats are not. For example, file stored as .flp in fruityloops audio sequencer, can be opened by flash application. where you can see result is corrupted file for one program as it means something for another.

There are times when such file formats get mixed and messed up. there is no common standard among application developers hence it gets mixed up sometimes.

File formats study is interesting, how they’re saved on machines, how they’re indexed by desktop indexer program or by search engine.

if you stumbled upon file format for which you don’t know which application will open this, in that case you’ve to use file format informative databases on web. You’ll come to know more about file formats and which applications are used for it.

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_format 

www.wotsit.org/

www.ace.net.nz/tech/TechFileFormat.html

filext.com/ 

www.file-extensions.org/

Hope you enjoyed the post.

If you ever downloaded software like P2P software or from sourceforge then you know they also give you option for checksum. Checksum is provided for users to check whether the software they downloaded is correct or not.

Checksum is one of the oldest form of of data correction checking and authentication form. Popular checksum methods are :

1) To check if the sum of the other bytes contains 255 bytes or less, then checksum carries correct value.

2) If the sum is more than 255 then checksum is the remainder of the total value after it is divided by 256.

You can try wikipedia for some intersting information on checksum.